A MATH "CHEAT SHEET" FOR PARENTS


Your child beckons you for help with math homework. You’ve assisted in every other subject, but the thought of numbers makes you cringe. Since your own school days, you have done little more math than required to balance the checkbook. You look at the page and it doesn’t look like any math book you’ve ever seen. Panic sets in, but then you calm down. It’s in color, looks like things you really use in everyday life, and it’s actually interesting. You wish you had some notes written on the palm of your hand. Fear not! If the last time you opened a math book was before the new millennium, here are a few notes that might bring you up to date-a math "cheat sheet" of sorts.

Data and Statistics for Elementary and Middle School Students
A set of data can be any group of numbers, but it is usually a group of numbers with something in common. A typical set of data might be the test grades for a class of students or the temperatures for your city for the last 15 days

The median of a set of data is the number that falls exactly in the middle when the numbers are rewritten from least to greatest, left to right. If the temperatures in your city at noon each day for the last 15 days were 86°, 87°, 89°, 71°, 87°, 88°, 91°, 87°, 93°, 96°, 95°, 96°, 94°, 99°, 97°, find the median temperature.

  • Rewrite all the numbers from least to greatest, left to right:
    71, 86, 87, 87, 87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 96, 97, 99
  • Locate the middle number: 91; The median is 91.
    (If there is no middle number, add the two center numbers and divide by 2.)
The mean is the average of all the numbers in the set. Find the mean of the temperatures listed above.

  • Add all the numbers: 71 + 86 + 87 + 87 + 87 + 88 + 81 + 91 + 93 + 94 + 95 + 96 + 96 + 97 + 99 = 1348.
  • Divide: 1260 / 15. The mean is 89.
The mode is the number that occurs most often. Find the mode of the temperatures listed above.

  • Since 87 is listed 3 times-more than any other number-87 is the mode.
The range is the difference between the greatest and the least numbers in the set. Find the range of the temperatures listed above.

  • 99 is the greatest number; 71 is the least number.
  • Subtract: 99 - 71 = 28; The range is 28.
- Anne C. Patterson